[Children enteroparasitosis in north east Argentine urban area]. / Enteroparasitosis infantil en un area urbana del nordeste Argentino.

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the importance of enteroparasitosis in a young urban population. The relationship between enteroparasitosis in this population and biological and environmental conditions was established for 113 infants between 0 and 14 years. Serial stool samples were analyzed and Graham tests were performed in each infant. The degree of nutrition of each infant was also assessed. Environmental data were collected via semi-structured surveys. Soil samples were tested to determine the degree of soil contamination. The following species were identified: Blastocystis hominis, Enterobius vermicularis, coccidios, Giardia intestinalis, hookworms, Strongyloides stercoralis, Trichuris trichura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana and Taenia sp. Children infection prevalence was 73.5%. The frequency of enteroparasitosis was largest in the population from 3 to 8 years. The homes of the children analyzed were brick houses with tin roof and access to tap water. A 79.5% of these houses had bathrooms. The remaining used outdoors latrines. In 95.5% of these houses, the residents lived with one or more dogs and cats. The soil collected from nine houses was contaminated with infectious forms of Toxocara canis and ancilostomideos. The relationship between parasitosis and latrines and overcrowding was verified. Five cases of malnutrition were detected (4.4%). The relevance of physical and cultural factors in relation to enteric parasitosis suggests that the pharmacological treatment should be accompanied with preventive measures regarding hygiene and proper elimination of human and pet faeces.

Enteroparasitosis infantil en un area urbana del nordeste argentino / Children enteroparasitosis in North East Argentine urban area

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar las enteroparasitosis en una población infantil urbana y establecer su relación con factores biológicos y condiciones ambientales. Se investigaron 113 niños entre 0 y 14 años de edad. En cada niño se realizaron exámenes coproparasitológicos y test de Graham y se valoró el estado nutricional. Para el registro de datos ambientales se aplicaron encuestas semiestructuradas. Se analizó la contaminación del suelo. Se identificó Blastocystis hominis, Enterobius vermicularis, coccidios, Giardia intestinalis, uncinarias, Strongyloides stercoralis, Trichuris trichura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana y Taenia sp. La prevalencia de parasitados fue 73.5%. Se verificó mayor frecuencia de enteroparasitosis en la franja etaria de 3 a 8 años. Las viviendas analizadas (n=44) eran de material con techo de chapa, contaban con red de agua potable; el 79.5% poseía baño instalado, las restantes poseían letrinas. En el 95.5% de las unidades domésticas había uno o más perros y gatos. El suelo de nueve viviendas estuvo contaminado con formas infectantes de Toxocara canis y ancilostomídeos. Se comprobó asociación entre parasitosis y uso de letrinas y hacinamiento. Se detectaron cinco casos de desnutrición grado I (4.4%). Se pone de manifiesto la trascendencia de los factores físicos y culturales como condicionantes de las parasitosis entéricas lo que sugiere que se debe insistir, simultáneamente al tratamiento farmacológico, en las medidas preventivas relacionadas con la higiene y la adecuada eliminación de las excretas humanas y de los animales domésticos.

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the importance of enteroparasitosis in a young urban population. The relationship between enteroparasitosis in this population and biological and environmental conditions was established for 113 infants between 0 and 14 years. Serial stool samples were analyzed and Graham tests were performed in each infant. The degree of nutrition of each infant was also assessed. Environmental data were collected via semi-structured surveys. Soil samples were tested to determine the degree of soil contamination. The following species were identified: Blastocystis hominis, Enterobius vermicularis, coccidios, Giardia intestinalis, hookworms, Strongyloides stercoralis, Trichuris trichura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana and Taenia sp. Children infection prevalence was 73.5%. The frequency of enteroparasitosis was largest in the population from 3 to 8 years. The homes of the children analyzed were brick houses with tin roof and access to tap water. A 79.5% of these houses had bathrooms. The remaining used outdoors latrines. In 95.5% of these houses, theresidents lived with one or more dogs and cats. The soil collected from nine houses was contaminated with infectious forms of Toxocara canis and ancilostomideos. The relationship between parasitosis and latrines and overcrowding was verified. Five cases of malnutrition were detected (4.4%). The relevance of physical and cultural factors in relation to enteric parasitosis suggests that the pharmacological treatment should be accompanied with preventive measures regarding hygiene and proper elimination of human and pet faeces.

Enteroparasitosis infantil en un area urbana del nordeste argentino / Children enteroparasitosis in North East Argentine urban area

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar las enteroparasitosis en una población infantil urbana y establecer su relación con factores biológicos y condiciones ambientales. Se investigaron 113 niños entre 0 y 14 años de edad. En cada niño se realizaron exámenes coproparasitológicos y test de Graham y se valoró el estado nutricional. Para el registro de datos ambientales se aplicaron encuestas semiestructuradas. Se analizó la contaminación del suelo. Se identificó Blastocystis hominis, Enterobius vermicularis, coccidios, Giardia intestinalis, uncinarias, Strongyloides stercoralis, Trichuris trichura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana y Taenia sp. La prevalencia de parasitados fue 73.5%. Se verificó mayor frecuencia de enteroparasitosis en la franja etaria de 3 a 8 años. Las viviendas analizadas (n=44) eran de material con techo de chapa, contaban con red de agua potable; el 79.5% poseía baño instalado, las restantes poseían letrinas. En el 95.5% de las unidades domésticas había uno o más perros y gatos. El suelo de nueve viviendas estuvo contaminado con formas infectantes de Toxocara canis y ancilostomídeos. Se comprobó asociación entre parasitosis y uso de letrinas y hacinamiento. Se detectaron cinco casos de desnutrición grado I (4.4%). Se pone de manifiesto la trascendencia de los factores físicos y culturales como condicionantes de las parasitosis entéricas lo que sugiere que se debe insistir, simultáneamente al tratamiento farmacológico, en las medidas preventivas relacionadas con la higiene y la adecuada eliminación de las excretas humanas y de los animales domésticos.(AU)

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the importance of enteroparasitosis in a young urban population. The relationship between enteroparasitosis in this population and biological and environmental conditions was established for 113 infants between 0 and 14 years. Serial stool samples were analyzed and Graham tests were performed in each infant. The degree of nutrition of each infant was also assessed. Environmental data were collected via semi-structured surveys. Soil samples were tested to determine the degree of soil contamination. The following species were identified: Blastocystis hominis, Enterobius vermicularis, coccidios, Giardia intestinalis, hookworms, Strongyloides stercoralis, Trichuris trichura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana and Taenia sp. Children infection prevalence was 73.5%. The frequency of enteroparasitosis was largest in the population from 3 to 8 years. The homes of the children analyzed were brick houses with tin roof and access to tap water. A 79.5% of these houses had bathrooms. The remaining used outdoors latrines. In 95.5% of these houses, theresidents lived with one or more dogs and cats. The soil collected from nine houses was contaminated with infectious forms of Toxocara canis and ancilostomideos. The relationship between parasitosis and latrines and overcrowding was verified. Five cases of malnutrition were detected (4.4%). The relevance of physical and cultural factors in relation to enteric parasitosis suggests that the pharmacological treatment should be accompanied with preventive measures regarding hygiene and proper elimination of human and pet faeces.(AU)

[Population statistics of Triatoma rubrovaria in laboratory]. / Estadísticos poblacionales de Triatoma rubrovaria en condiciones de laboratorio.

OBJECTIVE: To obtain T. rubrovaria population parameters in order to describe its demographic characteristics. METHODS: The study was carried out in the laboratory of Arthropods, Corrientes, Argentina, from October 2000 to February 2003. Eggs were grouped to form five 100-egg cohorts. Insects were fed on chickens (Gallus domesticus). The cohorts were monitored weekly and kept under controlled temperature (28 +/- 3 degrees C) and relative humidity (63 +/- 10%). A life table was constructed and other vital statistics were calculated and recorded. RESULTS: Higher mortality was recorded in the first through the fourth nymphal stadium. A constant decrease was seen from the fifth nymphal instar. Life expectancy dropped linearly after overcoming the critical stages. Adults mean survival was 50.2 weeks. The first oviposition was after 40.6 weeks. The fecundity was 859.6 eggs with an average 22.8 eggs per female. The reproductive period was 37.7 weeks. The generation time was 55.3 weeks and the net reproduction rate was 133.7. The intrinsic rate of weekly increment was 0.088. In a stable age distribution the population would be composed of 25.3% eggs, 72.3% nymphs and 2.4% adults. Adults accounted for more than 70% of the total reproductive value. CONCLUSIONS: Triatoma rubrovaria had a long survival as imago, a late first reproduction and a low intrinsic rate of natural increase.

Estadísticos poblacionales de Triatoma rubrovaria en condiciones de laboratorio / Population statistics of Triatoma rubrovaria in laboratory

OBJETIVO: Obtener parámetros poblacionales de T. rubrovaria a fin de caracterizar demográficamente a esta especie. MÉTODOS: La investigación se realizó entre octubre de 2000 y febrero de 2003 en el laboratorio de artrópodos, Corrientes, Argentina. Se conformaron cinco cohortes de 100 huevos cada una. Los insectos se alimentaron sobre gallina (Gallus domesticus). Las cohortes se controlaron semanalmente. La experiencia se llevó a cabo en condiciones controladas de temperatura (28±3ºC) y humedad relativa del aire (63±10 por ciento). Se elaboraron tablas completas de vida y se obtuvieron estadísticos vitales. RESULTADOS: La mayor mortalidad se registró en ninfas de primero a cuarto estadio. A partir del quinto estadio el número de individuos decreció en forma constante. La expectativa de vida, después de superar las edades críticas, disminuyó en forma lineal. La supervivencia media de los adultos fue 50,2 semanas. La primera oviposición ocurrió a las 40,6 semanas. La fecundidad fue 859,6 huevos, con una media de 22,8 huevos. El período reproductivo fue de 37,7 semanas. El tiempo generacional fue de 55,3 semanas y la tasa neta de reproducción 133,7. La tasa intrínseca de incremento natural resultó 0,088. En una distribución estable de edades 25,3 por ciento correspondería al estado de huevo, 72,3 por ciento al estado ninfal y 2,4 por ciento al estado adulto. Los adultos contribuyeron con más del 70 por ciento al valor reproductivo total. CONCLUSIONES: Triatoma rubrovaria se caracterizó por una supervivencia prolongada como imago, una edad de la primera reproducción tardía y una tasa intrínseca de incremento natural baja.

[Chagas' disease epidemiology in the province of General Paz, Argentina]. / Epidemiología de la enfermedad de Chagas, Departamento General Paz, Argentina.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate triatomine colonization in domestic and peridomestic ecotopes and to assess the seroprevalence of Chagas' disease in rural areas. METHODS: The study was carried out in the province of General Paz, Corrientes, Argentina. Human dwellings and peridomestic ecotopes were randomly selected. Triatomines were collected using the man/hour/capture method. The insects were taxonomically determined and classified by age and sex. Trypanosoma cruzi infection was detected through direct microscopy of feces and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Diagnosis of Chagas infection in volunteer residents was performed using indirect hemagglutination (IHA) and immunoenzimatic assay (ELISA). Infestation, density, colonization, natural infection and dispersion indexes were recorded. RESULTS; A total of 42 households and 50 peridomestic areas were examined. Triatoma infestans domestic infestation and infection indexes were 23.8 and 19.4; respectively. Density, colonization and dispersion indexes were 2.1; 47.0 and 50.0; respectively. Of all, 5.9% of peridomiciles were infested by T. infestans and 11.8% by Triatoma sordida. Trypanosoma cruzi infection was observed in 2.0% of T. sordida. The seroprevalence rate obtained from 85 human sera analyzed was 22.3%. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest a halt in T. cruzi transmission in the study area. Nevertheless the presence of seroreactive individuals and infected T. infestans vectors might facilitate the resurgence of the transmission cycle. Control actions with the use of insecticides might be considered in order to eliminate vector populations.